spicedb is a free, open source databases project written in Go and released under Apache-2.0. It has 7,186 GitHub stars, 438 forks and 157 open issues, and was last pushed 36 hours ago. On this registry it ranks #118 of 206 tracked projects in Databases, with 5 head-to-head comparisons available. It gained 77 stars over the last 30 tracked days.

What is spicedb?

SpiceDB is an open source, Google Zanzibar-inspired database written in Go that stores and queries fine-grained authorization data, and it is built for platform and product teams that need a reliable answer to whether subject X can perform action Y on resource Z.

What it is

SpiceDB is an Apache-2.0 licensed project in the Infrastructure and Operations / Databases category, and it exists purely to handle authorization. Similar to a relational database, developers define a schema, write data in the form of relationships, and then use SpiceDB's clients to issue permission checks inside their applications to determine which actions a user can take on a resource. The design traces back to Google's 2019 paper, "Zanzibar: Google's Consistent, Global Authorization System", and the project describes itself as the most mature open source implementation inspired by that system. Development aims to remain faithful to the paper's values and goals while the implementation has moved beyond the functionality the paper outlines.

The concrete problem it addresses is broken access control, which OWASP ranked as the number one threat to web security as of 2021. Rather than letting every application and microservice carry its own access control lists and permission logic, SpiceDB is typically run as a centralized service shared across product suites and microservice architectures. This makes the authorization question answerable in one place instead of being reimplemented in each service. The project is deliberately scoped to authorization alone and is designed to be fully agnostic to authentication solutions and identity providers, so it complements rather than replaces an identity provider.

Key capabilities

  • Fine-grained permission checks through a defined schema and a graph of relationships, queried by clients from application code.
  • Reverse index queries that answer "What can subject do?" and "Who can access resource?" rather than only a single permission check.
  • Caveated relationships that combine attribute-based access control (ABAC) with relationship-based access control (ReBAC) in one model.
  • Per-request consistency configuration, which lets correctness and performance be decided case by case.
  • Schema tooling with real-time validation, plus validation that can run inside a CI/CD workflow.
  • Documented performance of 5ms p95 latency at millions of queries per second against billions of relationships.
  • Binary releases for Linux, macOS, and Windows on AMD64 and ARM64 architectures.

Who uses it and how

  • IBM's AI Data & Model Factory Platform is listed among community members using it in a platform context.
  • Red Hat's Insights Platform appears on the same community list.
  • GitPod is listed as a community member.
  • TubiTV China and DMM Online Salon, published in Japanese, show adoption across regions and languages.
  • Teams commonly run it as one centralized authorization service shared by multiple product suites and microservices, in cloud-native and Kubernetes environments.

Getting started

Install the binary: releases cover Linux, macOS, and Windows on AMD64 and ARM64, and Homebrew users on macOS and Linux can install the latest binary release of SpiceDB. Documentation is at https://authzed.com/docs.

How it compares

The facts supplied here name no competing tools or paid products that SpiceDB replaces, so it stands alone in this registry on a comparison basis. The only contrast the project itself draws is against Google's internal Zanzibar, which is not a system that can be adopted or self-hosted. SpiceDB therefore occupies the niche of a self-hosted, Zanzibar-inspired authorization database with no named alternative in the provided material.

When to use it — and when not to

Choose SpiceDB when authorization logic is already fragmented across services and needs a central, queryable source of truth that scales with traffic, geography, and functionality. A self-hoster must operate a centralized authorization service alongside the rest of the stack, and must already have an authentication solution, because SpiceDB deliberately does not provide one. The entry also shows 157 open issues, and the supplied facts do not detail the storage backends or operational dependencies, so those should be confirmed in the project documentation before committing.

project readme (upstream, from github) — read inline

spicedb logo spicedb Logo

SpiceDB sets the standard for authorization that scales.

Scale with
Traffic • Dev Velocity • Functionality • Geography

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What is SpiceDB?

spicedb diagram spicedb diagram

SpiceDB is the most mature open source project inspired by Google's internal authorization system: Zanzibar.

As of 2021, broken access control became the #1 threat to web security according to OWASP. With SpiceDB, platform and product teams can be be protected by answering this question easily: "can subject X perform action Y on resource Z?"

Similar to a relational database, developers define a schema, write data in the form of relationships, and then use SpiceDB's clients to issue permission checks in their application to determine what actions a user can take on a resource. Other queries are also possible, such as "What can subject do?" or "Who can access resource?".

SpiceDB is often ran as a centralized service shared across product suites and microservice architectures.

SpiceDB is focused purely on authorization and is designed to be fully agnostic to authentication solutions/identity providers.

What is Google Zanzibar?

In 2019, Google released the paper "Zanzibar: Google's Consistent, Global Authorization System" providing the original inspiration for SpiceDB. The paper presents the design, implementation, and deployment of, Zanzibar, Google's internal system for storing and evaluating access control lists. Originally designed for Google+ Circles, Zanzibar now sits at the core Google's entire product suite (Calendar, Drive, Maps, Photos, YouTube) and powers the Google Cloud IAM service.

While SpiceDB has gone on to innovate well beyond the functionality outlined in the paper, development of SpiceDB aims to always remain faithful to the paper's values and goals.

Why SpiceDB?

  • World-class engineering: painstakingly built by experts that pioneered the cloud-native ecosystem
  • Authentic design: mature and feature-complete implementation of Google's Zanzibar paper
  • Proven in production: 5ms p95 when scaled to millions of queries/s, billions of relationships
  • Global consistency: consistency configured per-request unlocks correctness while maintaining performance
  • Multi-paradigm: caveated relationships combine the best concepts in authorization: ABAC & ReBAC
  • Safety in tooling: designs schemas with real-time validation or validate in your CI/CD workflow
  • Reverse Indexes: queries for "What can subject do?", "Who can access resource?"

Who uses SpiceDB?

SpiceDB is a powerful tool in a variety of domains and in organizations of all sizes; we've chosen to highlight a few interesting community members:

Beyond the community, you can also read customer stories for commercial usage of SpiceDB.

Getting Started

Installing the binary

Binary releases are available for Linux, macOS, and Windows on AMD64 and ARM64 architectures.

Homebrew users for both macOS and Linux can install the latest binary releases of SpiceDB and zed using the official tap:

brew install authzed/tap/spicedb authzed/tap/zed

Debian-based Linux users can install SpiceDB packages by adding a new APT source:

sudo apt update && sudo apt install -y curl ca-certificates gpg
curl https://pkg.authzed.com/apt/gpg.key | sudo apt-key add -
sudo echo "deb https://pkg.authzed.com/apt/ * *" > /etc/apt/sources.list.d/fury.list
sudo apt update && sudo apt install -y spicedb zed

RPM-based Linux users can install SpiceDB packages by adding a new YUM repository:

sudo cat << EOF >> /etc/yum.repos.d/Authzed-Fury.repo
[authzed-fury]
name=AuthZed Fury Repository
baseurl=https://pkg.authzed.com/yum/
enabled=1
gpgcheck=0
EOF
sudo dnf install -y spicedb zed

Running a container

Container images are available for AMD64 and ARM64 architectures on the following registries:

Docker users can run the latest SpiceDB container with the following:

# expose grpc and http. http is used in the examples below.
docker run --rm -p 50051:50051 -p 8443:8443 authzed/spicedb serve --http-enabled true --grpc-preshared-key "somerandomkeyhere"

SpiceDB containers use Chainguard Images to ship the bare minimum userspace which is a huge boon to security, but can complicate debugging. If you want to execute a user session into a running SpiceDB container and install packages, you can use one of our debug images.

Appending -debug to any tag will provide you an image that has a userspace with debug tooling:

docker run --rm -ti --entrypoint sh authzed/spicedb:latest-debug

Containers are also available for each git commit to the main branch under ${REGISTRY}/authzed/spicedb-git:${COMMIT}.

Write your own schema and relationships

Now that you have SpiceDB running, you must define your schema and write relationships that represent the permissions in your application. There are various way to do this:

    # write a schema
    curl --location 'http://localhost:8443/v1/schema/write' \
    --header 'Content-Type: application/json' \
    --header 'Accept: application/json' \
    --header 'Authorization: Bearer somerandomkeyhere' \
    --data '{
        "schema": "definition user {} \n definition folder { \n relation parent: folder\n relation viewer: user \n permission view = viewer + parent->view \n } \n definition document {\n relation folder: folder \n relation viewer: user \n permission view = viewer + folder->view \n }"
    }'

    # write a relationship
    curl --location 'http://localhost:8443/v1/relationships/write' \
    --header 'Content-Type: application/json' \
    --header 'Accept: application/json' \
    --header 'Authorization: Bearer somerandomkeyhere' \
    --data '{
        "updates": [
            {
                "operation": "OPERATION_TOUCH",
                "relationship": {
                    "resource": {
                        "objectType": "folder",
                        "objectId": "budget"
                    },
                    "relation": "viewer",
                    "subject": {
                        "object": {
                            "objectType": "user",
                            "objectId": "anne"
                        }
                    }
                }
            }
        ]
    }'

You can follow a guide for developing a schema or review the the schema language design documentation.

Finally, you can watch the SpiceDB primer video on schema development.

Query the SpiceDB API

You can use the client libraries or the gRPC and HTTP APIs to query SpiceDB. For example,

curl --location 'http://localhost:8443/v1/permissions/check' \
--header 'Content-Type: application/json' \
--header 'Accept: application/json' \
--header 'Authorization: Bearer somerandomkeyhere' \
--data '{
  "consistency": {
    "minimizeLatency": true
  },
  "resource": {
    "objectType": "folder",
    "objectId": "budget"
  },
  "permission": "view",
  "subject": {
    "object": {
      "objectType": "user",
      "objectId": "anne"
    }
  }
}'


#{
#    "checkedAt": {
#        "token": "GhUKEzE3NTE1NjYwMjUwMDAwMDAwMDA="
#    },
#    "permissionship": "PERMISSIONSHIP_HAS_PERMISSION"
#}

'

You can also issue queries with zed, the official command-line client. The Playground also has a tab for experimenting with zed all from within your browser.

Integrating SpiceDB into Your Application

To get an understanding of integrating an application with SpiceDB, you can follow the Protecting Your First App guide or review API documentation on the Buf Registry or Postman.

Deploying to Production

The core SpiceDB service has been utilized in production by Authzed since 2021 so you can be confident that it is battle-tested. Moreover, it supports various datastores, including Google Cloud Spanner, CockroachDB, MySQL, and PostgreSQL. Read this to learn the best practices for each.

You can choose to self-host SpiceDB, or use AuthZed Cloud, a fully managed service. See a comparison of the various options.

If you choose to self-host, we recommend deploying SpiceDB using Kubernetes. If you're only experimenting, feel free to try out one of our community-maintained examples for testing SpiceDB on Kubernetes:

kubectl apply -f https://raw.githubusercontent.com/authzed/examples/main/kubernetes/example.yaml

For a more detailed guide on the SpiceDB Kubernetes Operator, see this.

For more best practices on deploying SpiceDB, read our best practices guide.

Telemetry

SpiceDB collects anonymous telemetry data to help us understand how the community is using SpiceDB and to help us prioritize features. This telemetry is opt-out and can be disabled via setting --telemetry-endpoint="". For more information on the telemetry we collect, see telemetry.

More Resources

Join the Community

Join our fellow contributors from companies such as github logo GitHub, adobe logo Adobe, google logo Google, fastly logo Fastly, plaid logo Plaid, red hat logo Red Hat, and reddit logo Reddit.

SpiceDB is a community project where everyone is invited to participate and feel welcomed. While the project has a technical goal, participation is not restricted to those with code contributions.

CONTRIBUTING.md documents communication, contribution flow, legal requirements, and common tasks when contributing to the project.

You can find issues by priority: Urgent, High, Medium, Low, Maybe. There are also good first issues.

Our documentation is also open source if you'd like to clarify anything you find confusing.

Acknowledgements

SpiceDB is a community project fueled by contributions from both organizations and individuals. We appreciate all contributions, large and small, and would like to thank all those involved.

In addition, we'd like to highlight a few notable contributions:

  • github logo The GitHub Authorization Team for implementing and contributing the MySQL datastore
  • netflix logo The Netflix Authorization Team for sponsoring and being a design partner for caveats
  • equinix logo The Equinix Metal Team for sponsoring our benchmarking hardware

Frequently asked questions

Is spicedb free to use?

spicedb is open source under the Apache-2.0 licence. There is no licence fee and no seat count — you can self-host it or, where the project offers one, pay a vendor for a managed version instead.

What does spicedb do?

Open Source, Google Zanzibar-inspired database for scalably storing and querying fine-grained authorization data

What is spicedb written in?

spicedb is primarily written in Go. Its source is publicly available at https://github.com/authzed/spicedb, and it has 7,186 GitHub stars.